House 1413, Spain
๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฒฝ์ ๋์ ํ์ฌ ์ ์์ ๊ฐ์ผ ํํ๋ก ๊ธธ๊ฒ ๋ฐฐ์น๋ ์ฃผํ
Harquitectes | H์๋ฅด๋ผํ ํ ์ค
The stone wall that marked out the boundaries of the estate went around the whole site, revealing just the tops of the trees inside. The materiality and the irregularity of the geometry of the wall endowed it with a special character and presence, but the current regulations in Ullastret, Spain, made it compulsory to extend the width of the street, so preserving the wall was impossible.
Without the existing wall, the first and main challenge the project had to face was that of re-contextualizing the plot, building a new house able to offer a coherent, deferential, and honest response to its surroundings. So instead of placing the house in the middle of the garden, the project proposes surrounding it: a house that functions as a fence.
์๋ ์ด๊ณณ ๋ถ์ง๋ ์ฌ๋ฃ๋ฉฐ ํํ์์ ๋ ํนํ ๊ฐ์ฑ๊ณผ ์กด์ฌ๊ฐ์ ๋๋ฌ๋ด๋ ๋๋ฒฝ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฌ์์ฌ ์์๋ค. ๋ฐ์์ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋๋ฒฝ ๋๋จธ๋ก ๋ถ์ง ์์ ์ฌ์ด์ง ๋๋ฌด๋ค์ ๊ผญ๋๊ธฐ๋ง์ด ๋ณด์ด๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ์ง์ญ์ ๋ฒ๋ น์ ๋ง์ถ์ด ๊ธธ์ ๋ํ๋๋ผ ๋๋ฒฝ์ ์ฒ ๊ฑฐํ๊ฒ ๋๋ฉด์, ๋ถ์ง๋ฅผ ์ฌ๋ฐฐ์นํ๊ณ ์ฃผ๋ณ ํ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์กฐํ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ ์๋ก์ด ์ง์ ์ง๋ ๊ฒ ๊ฑด์ถ๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ํฐ ๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ ๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋์ ์ง์ ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ด๋ฐ์ ๋ฐฐ์นํ๋ ๋์ , ์ ์์ ์์์ธ๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํํ๋ค. ์ง ์์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฒฝ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฉํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ด๋ ๊ฒ โ์ง์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง ๋ฒฝโ์ ๋์ ๊ณํ์ ์์ํ๋ฉด์๋, ๋ถ์ง์ ํํ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์๋ก์ด ์งํ์ ๋ง์ถ์ด ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฑธ ํ ์ธต์ ๊ฐ์ถ ๊ธธ๊ฒ ๋์ด์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฒ ๋๋ค.
A house-wall permits recovering the urban continuity and also experimenting with a new, very elongated typology, with everything on one level, adapted to the topography of the site and to the new geometry of the street.
The house follows the material and constructive logic of the original wall, but adapts it to current requirements. It is built entirely of loadbearing walls, reusing the stones from the old wall and mixing them with aggregate from the plot along with limestone and cement. To this traditional mortar base small insulating particles of recycled expanded glass are added.
Instead of stacking, the wall was coffered and lifted with a hybrid technique somewhere between that of adobe and cyclopean walls. The outer layers facing the street are chipped to let the stone resurface, while the interior shows the formwork finish.
The wallโs thickness varies, and in many cases its depth accommodates the houseโs more static spaces, or those that require greater privacy such as bedrooms, bathrooms, laundry area, pantry, closets and toilet. In an almost fractal relationship, the different scales of the project are gradually solved by relating and linking larger and larger spaces until the whole plot is enclosed. This produces a sequence between the more domestic spaces and the โwilder,โ exterior areas.
์ฌ๋ฃ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฉด์์ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฒฝ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋, ์ฃผ์ด์ง ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ๋ฐ์ํ์๋ค. ์์ ๋ฒฝ์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ๋์ ์ฌ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ํํธ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํ์ ์๋ฉํธ, ๋ถ์ง์์ ๋์จ ๊ณจ์ฌ์ ํผํฉํ์ฌ ๋ด๋ ฅ๋ฒฝ์ ๋ง๋ค์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์ฒ๋ผ ์ ํต์ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ๋ง๋ค์ด์ง ํ๋ฐ์ฃฝ์ ์ฌํ์ฉ ์ ๋ฆฌ์ ๋จ์ด ์
์๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ค. ์ฐจ๊ณก์ฐจ๊ณก ์๋ ๋ฐฉ์์ด ์๋, ํ๋ถ๋ ๊ณต๋ฒ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์ ๊ณต๋ฒ์ด ๋ค์์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ ์จ์ ๋ฒฝ์ ์ธ์ ๋ค. ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ฃผํ ์ธ๋ฒฝ์ ๋์ ๊นจ์ ๋ฃ์ ํ ํ๋ฉด ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ๊ณ , ๋ด๋ถ์ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์ ๊ฑฐํธ์ง ํ์ ์ ์ด๋ ธ๋ค.
๋ฒฝ์ ๋๊ป๋ ๊ณณ๊ณณ๋ง๋ค ๋ค๋ฅธ๋ฐ, ์ ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ, ๋๋ ์นจ์ค์ด๋ ์์ค, ์ธํ์ค, ์ ์ฅ๊ณ , ๋ฒฝ์ฅ, ํ์ฅ์ค์ฒ๋ผ ํ๋ผ์ด๋ฒ์๋ฅผ ํ์๋ก ํ๋ ๊ณณ์ ๋ง์ถ์ด ์กฐ์ ํ๋ค. ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ท๋ชจ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง ๊ณต๊ฐ์ ๋ง์น ํ๋ํ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒ๋ผ ์ ์ฒด ๋ถ์ง๋ฅผ ์์์ ๋๊น์ง ์ ์ ๋ ๋์ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ง์๊ณผ ์ธ๋ถ ์ฌ์ด์ ์ผ์ข
์ ์ฐ์๋ ์ง์๊ฐ ์๊ฒจ๋๋ค. ๋ด๋ถ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋์ด ๊ฒจ์ธ์ฒ ์๋ ํ๋ณ์ด ๋ด๋ฆฌ์ฌ๊ณ , ์ฌ๋ฆ์๋ ์ ์๊ณผ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ์ฌ ์์ ํ ๊ฐ๋ฐฉํ ์ ์๋ ๊ธด ๋ณต๋๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ ๋ค. ๋๋ถ์ ์ง ๋ด๋ถ์์ ๋ ์จ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฒ ๋ด๋ด ์ง์ผ๋ณผ ์ ์๋ค.
Project: House 1413 / Location: Ullastret, Girona, Spain / Architect: HARQUITECTES (David Lorente, Josep Ricart, Xavier Ros, Roger Tudรณ) / Collaborators: Montse Fornรฉs, Maya Torres / Built area: 330mยฒ / Design: 2014~2016 / Construction: 2016~2017 / Completion: 2017 / Photograph: ยฉAdriร Goula